第四章:法国大革命结束了什么
原书及其作者 :法国大革命,起于捍卫人权、推翻君主专制,却通向了恐怖统治和军事独裁。这个过程值得警醒。 系列上一篇: How it happened | 过程  ----- Chp4 What it ended >p66-67  The initial impulse of the French Revolution was destructive. …… On the  other hand, the Revolution’s destructive achievements often fell far  short of its ambitions; and what the men of 1789 or 1793 thought they  had abolished forever often reappeared, and quite soon, in forms  ostensibly different but which those who had survived had no difficulty  in recognizing with dismay. 先复习一下,从王室颓靡开始,法国大革命的主角已经轮着番经过了三级议会(estates-general),三十人委员会(committee  of thirty),国民议会(the national assemble),制宪议会(the National Constituent  Assembly),立法议会(the Legislative),国民公会(the  Convention)和雅各宾派(Jacobin),热月党人(Thermidorians)和督政府(the  Directory),现在来到拿破仑(Napoleon Bonaparte)和执政府。 光从这么多括号应该已经能看出来局势到底有多乱了,从1789年攻占巴士底狱算起,到如今的执政府成立已经是1799年了,社会颠过来倒过去的革命已经有10年了,现在的问题除了社会分裂、激进对立,还要加上人心疲乏、旧事物复辟。革命者梦想着一步建立尽善尽美的天堂,然而十年后的现实依旧迷茫,理想不会因为做梦而实现。理解法国大革命到底改变了什么,没改变什么,还要等到许多年后。 1-3.Despotism, Aristocracy, Corpo...