第四章:社会变动
原书及其作者: 牛津通识读本系列丛书,或者“A Very Short Introduction series”,一个非常高质量的学科入门读本系列。16到17世纪左右,这段宗教改革的故事从近乎偏执于原教旨的圣经解读出发,最终却落在了催生多元社会的终点上。 系列上一篇: Politics | 政治影响   ----- Chapter 4 Society >p76 From their perspective, human beings were fundamentally  defined by their relationships to others, and by their place in social  structures of various kinds. 这一点是当时天主教和新教的共识,当时的“宗教”和“社会”是如此的彼此不分,导致寻求宗教改革就是寻求每一个方面的社会纹理的改变,而改革本身也深深为这些纹理所塑造。  Structures of community >p77 Investment in ‘community’ was not a lifestyle choice for  pre-modern people, but a necessity of existence. Agriculture (the  occupation of the great majority of the population) was a fundamentally  collective exercise, in which all planted and ploughed according to  agreed conventions, and brought in the harvest together. If the  sustaining of life was a collective business, so were the principal  threats to it: harvest failure, epidemic disease, extreme weather, war.  These were often seen, in a phrase still embedded in the...